Reliable emission inventories are a prerequisite to understand the impact of anthropogenic activity on air quality and climate, and to develop effective mitigation options. Furthermore, emission knowledge of greenhouse gases (GHG) and air pollutants are key in the development of integrated policies addressing climate change and/or air quality and reducing unintended consequences. Emission inventories developed in different South American (SA) countries at national level typically focus on GHG in support of national and international climate action plans.